Senin, 23 Maret 2015

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE



Nama               : Anis Syafitri
Kelas               : 4EA17
NPM               : 10211916

TUGAS 1
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

A. Definition of Conditional Sentence
     - The conditional tense says that an action is reliant on something else.
     - The conditionals are used to talk about real or unreal situations, they are sometimes  
       called if-clauses.
    - Real Conditional describes real-life situations. Unreal Conditional describes unreal,
      imaginary situations.

Conditional sentences are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are so called because the validity of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the existence of certain circumstances, which may be expressed in a dependent clause or may be understood from the context.
A full conditional sentence (one which expresses the condition as well as its consequences) therefore contains two clauses: the dependent clause expressing the condition, called the protasis; and the main clause expressing the consequence.


B. Types of Conditional Sentece

1.     First-type conditionals
Form and meaning
First conditional are used to talk about the future. It contains two parts. One is “if” clause, the other is “main clause”. The “if” part of first conditional is used to talk about things that may happen in the future, present simple is used, and the tense in the main clause is the future tense.
“if” clause always comes first in a first conditional sentence. And we put a comma. When the “main clause” comes first, comma isn’t needed.
This type refers to future possibilities that are certain or probable.  
First-type conditionals
If clause
Main or conditional clause
If + Present tense
Future tense
If they don't arrive soon
If they are late
we'll leave without them.
I'm going to be angry.

Other examples are: 
Ø  If I feel sick, I will not go to campus.
Ø  If it rains tomorrow, the concert will be cancelled.
Ø  If you go to the Zoo, you will see the elephants.
Ø  My father will go to Singapore if he has a lot of money.
Ø  If I have time, I will go shopping.
Ø  If you ask him, he will take you to the airport.


2.     Second-type conditionals
Form and meaning
This type is often called the hypothetical or 'unreal' future conditional since it is usually used to speculate about either very unlikely future situations or present and future impossibilities.
In second conditional, the tense in the “if” clause is the simple past, and would\wouldn’t +verb is used in the main clause. In these sentences, the time is now, and the situation is unreal. They refer to an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its possible result. 
Second-type conditionals
If clause
Main or conditional clause
If + Past tense
would + verb
If I had time
If I had wings
I would drop you off at school.
I would fly.

Other examples are:
Ø  If I had time, i would learn France.
( Fact : I don’t have time, so I’m not going to learn France).
Ø  If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.
( Fact : I don’t have enough money, so I can’t buy a new bicycle).
Ø  If I were you, I would study more.
( Fact : I can’t study more because I’m not you).
Ø  If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity.
( Fact: But I’m not a millionaire, so I can’t donate my money to charity ).


3.     Third-type conditionals
Form and meaning
Third conditional is used to talk about things that did or didn’t happen in the past. The tense in the “if'“ clause is the past perfect, and would/wouldn’t have + past participle is used in the main clause.
Third-type conditionals
If clause
Main or conditional clause
If + Past Perfect tense
would have + past participle
If I had known about his condition
If we had known about the storm
I would have phoned for you earlier.
we wouldn't have started our journey.








The main uses of the third conditional are for speculating about the past, expressing regrets, excusing our own actions and criticising others. Other examples are: 
Ø  If I had  had enough money, I would have bought a new bicycle.
(Fact : I didn’t have enough money, so I did not buy a new bicycle yesterday).
Ø  If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn’t have broken many plates.
( Fact: The waitress wasn’t careful, so she break many plates).
Ø  If I had gone to London, I could have visited the British Museum.
( Fact : I didn’t go to London, so I can’t visit the British Museum).
Ø  Unless we had been very confident of success, we wouldn't have even tried.  
( Fact : But we were confident, we did try, and we succeeded).

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