Nama : Anis Syafitri
Kelas : 4EA17
NPM : 10211916
TUGAS 1
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
A. Definition of Conditional Sentence
- The conditional tense says
that an action is reliant on something else.
- The conditionals are used
to talk about real or unreal situations, they are sometimes
called if-clauses.
- Real Conditional describes
real-life situations. Unreal Conditional describes unreal,
imaginary situations.
Conditional sentences are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are so called because the validity of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the existence of certain circumstances, which may be expressed in a dependent clause or may be understood from the context.
A full conditional sentence
(one which expresses the condition as well as its consequences) therefore
contains two clauses: the dependent clause expressing the condition, called
the protasis; and the main clause expressing the consequence.
B. Types of Conditional Sentece
1. First-type conditionals
Form and meaning
First conditional are used to talk about the
future. It contains two parts. One is “if” clause, the other is “main clause”.
The “if” part of first conditional is used to talk about things that may happen
in the future, present simple is used, and the tense in the main clause is the future
tense.
“if” clause always comes first in a first
conditional sentence. And we put a comma. When the “main clause” comes first,
comma isn’t needed.
First-type conditionals
|
|
If clause
|
Main or conditional clause
|
If + Present tense
|
Future tense
|
If they don't arrive soon
If they are late
|
we'll leave without them.
I'm going to be angry.
|
Other examples are:
Ø If I feel sick, I will not go to campus.
Ø If it rains tomorrow, the concert will be
cancelled.
Ø If you go to the Zoo, you will see the
elephants.
Ø My father will go to Singapore if he has a
lot of money.
Ø If I have time, I will go shopping.
Ø If you ask him, he will take you to the
airport.
2. Second-type conditionals
Form and meaning
This type is often called the hypothetical or
'unreal' future conditional since it is usually used to speculate about either
very unlikely future situations or present and future impossibilities.
In second conditional, the tense in the “if”
clause is the simple past, and would\wouldn’t +verb is used in the main clause.
In these sentences, the time is now, and the situation is unreal. They refer to
an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its possible result.
Second-type conditionals
|
|
If clause
|
Main or conditional clause
|
If + Past tense
|
would + verb
|
If I had time
If I had wings
|
I would drop you off at school.
I would fly.
|
Other examples are:
Ø If I had time, i would learn France.
( Fact
: I don’t have time, so I’m not going to learn France).
Ø If I had enough money, I would buy a new
bicycle.
( Fact
: I don’t have enough money, so I can’t buy a new bicycle).
Ø If I were you, I would study more.
( Fact
: I can’t study more because I’m not you).
Ø If I were a millionaire, I would donate my
money to charity.
( Fact:
But I’m not a millionaire, so I can’t donate my money to charity ).
3. Third-type conditionals
Form and meaning
Third conditional is used to talk about
things that did or didn’t happen in the past. The tense in the “if'“ clause is
the past perfect, and would/wouldn’t have + past participle is used in the main
clause.
Third-type
conditionals
|
|
If
clause
|
Main
or conditional clause
|
If
+ Past Perfect tense
|
would
have + past participle
|
If
I had known about his condition
If
we had known about the storm
|
I
would have phoned for you earlier.
we
wouldn't have started our journey.
|
The main uses of the third conditional are
for speculating about the past, expressing regrets, excusing our own actions
and criticising others. Other examples are:
Ø If I had had enough money, I would have
bought a new bicycle.
(Fact :
I didn’t have enough money, so I did not buy a new bicycle yesterday).
Ø If the waitress had been careful, she
wouldn’t have broken many plates.
( Fact:
The waitress wasn’t careful, so she break many plates).
Ø If I had gone to London, I could have visited
the British Museum.
( Fact
: I didn’t go to London, so I can’t visit the British Museum).
Ø Unless we had been very confident of success,
we wouldn't have even tried.
( Fact : But we
were confident, we did try, and we succeeded).
Source :
