Nama : Anis Syafitri
NPM : 10211916
Tugas : 2
1.
Adjective VS Adverb
Definition
:
o
Adjective
Adjectives are words that modify nouns or pronouns by defining, describing, limiting, or qualifying those nouns or pronouns.
Adjectives are words that modify nouns or pronouns by defining, describing, limiting, or qualifying those nouns or pronouns.
An adjective describes how
something 'is'. For this reason, we usually use the verb 'to be' when using
adjectives. Adjectives are used to describe nouns.
Rule: Adjectives describe nouns.
Example: beautiful trees, they are happy.
Rule: Adjectives describe nouns.
Example: beautiful trees, they are happy.
Adjectives don't have a singular and plural form OR a masculine, feminine and neuter form.
Adjectives are always the same. Never add a final -s to an adjective.
Adjectives can also be placed at the end of a sentence
if they describe the subject of a sentence.
Rule: Adjectives are placed before the noun.
Example: a wonderful book;
very interesting people
(
Don't place an adjective
after the noun )
o
Adverbs
are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and that express such
ideas as time, place, manner, cause, and degree.
They tell you How something is done.
Example: How does he she sing? - She sings beautifully.
Rule: Adverbs are often formed by adding -ly to an adjective .
- The Difference between Adjectives and Adverbs
The Basic Rules: Adjectives
Adjectives modify nouns. To modify means to
change in some way. For example:
- "I ate a meal." Meal is a noun. We don't know what kind of meal; all we know is that someone ate a meal.
- "I ate an enormous lunch." Lunch is a noun, and enormous is an adjective that modifies it. It tells us what kind of meal the person ate.
Adjectives
usually answer one of a few different questions: "What kind?" or
"Which?" or "How
many?" For example:
- "The tall girl is riding a new bike." Tall tells us which girl we're talking about. New tells us what kind of bike we're talking about.
- "The tough professor gave us the final exam." Tough tells us what kind of professor we're talking about. Final tells us which exam we're talking about.
- "Fifteen students passed the midterm exam; twelve students passed the final exam." Fifteen and twelve both tell us how many students;midterm and final both tell us which exam.
So, generally speaking, adjectives answer the
following questions:
- Which?
- What kind of?
- How many?
The Basic Rules: Adverbs
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. (You can recognize adverbs easily because many of them are formed by adding -ly to an adjective, though that is not always the case.) The most common question that adverbs answer is how.
Let's look at verbs
first.
- "She sang beautifully." Beautifully is an adverb that modifies sang. It tells us how she sang.
- "The cellist played carelessly." Carelessly is an adverb that modifies played. It tells us how the cellist played.
Adverbs also modify
adjectives and other adverbs.
- "That woman is extremely nice." Nice is an adjective that modifies the noun woman. Extremely is an adverb that modifies nice; it tells ushow nice she is. How nice is she? She's extremely nice.
- "It was a terribly hot afternoon." Hot is an adjective that modifies the noun afternoon. Terribly is an adverb that modifies the adjective hot.How hot is it? Terribly hot.
So, generally speaking,
adverbs answer the question how. (They can also answer the questions when, where, and why.)
2.
Comparison Degree
Definition
Comparison degree is
adjectives are used to clarify the difference between 2 objects/nouns. In
English grammar the comparison degree of an adjective or adverb describes the
relational value of one thing with something in another a sentence.
Kinds of comparison:
- POSITIVE DEGREE
Positive degree is a comparison in which the word adjective not be altered and generally to describe an adjective of the same nature with other objects.
In general, this form is used to:
a. Declare a state that it is.
Example: • He is an
attractive girl
b. Comparing two objects or the same person, good nature, form or the
other.
The formula used is as follows:
as
+ Positive + as
Example:
- My book is as interesting as yours
- His car runs as fast as a race car
- She is as clever as Dona
- This car is as expensive as that one
- She is as beautiful as her sister
Or the following formula can be used as a substitute
for the above formula:
No less + Positive
+Than
Example:
1. Your house no less big than my house
c. Declare two objects or people that do not have
in common.
The formula
uses are:
Not + so + Positif + as
Example:
1. His car not so new as yours
- COMPARATIVE DEGREE
Comperative Degree is
used to show different characteristic of objects. For instance : bigger,
taller, older and the others. Comperative Degree is formed by adding -er behind
the adjective, if the adjective consists of 1 syllable.
The formula uses are:
Comparative +Than
Example:
- My car is faster than his car
- Bob’s cough is worse than mine
- She is nicer than him
- This dictionary is cheaper than mine
- Your father is older than John's father
- SUPERLATIVE DEGREE
Superlative Degree is
used to show levels "most" of objects. For instance : most diligent,
the youngest, the oldest and the others. Superlative Degree is formed by adding
-est behind the adjective if the adjective consists of 1 syllable.
The
formula uses are :
The + Superlative +
Nouns + In
Example:
- This is the fastest car in the rally
- Michael Jackson is the greatest musician in the world
- Rama is the smartest boy in class
- Alice is the sweetest girl in the neighborhood
- The blue whale is the largest of all animals
The + Superlative + Of
Example:
- This car is the most expensive of all
- Tom reads most of us
Or it can be used as a substitute for the second
formula above formula:
The Superlative (with
most) + Noun
Example:
- She is the most beautiful woman in this country
- He is the most famous person in the town
Conclusion :
- Degree of comparison is an adjective or adverb that describes the relational
value of one thing with something in another clause of a sentence.
- Degree of comparison divide into three, they are:
1.Positive comparison :comparing the two object have
the same quality and quantity
2.Comparative : comparing the two object have
different quality and quantity
3.Superlative : superlative adjective are used when
describing three items or more.
Source :
Ø https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/536/
